Indonesia: The Damaging Debate on Rapes of Ethnic Chinese Women



Other Sections

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Violence
The Rapes
Government Statements: From Condemnation to "Fabrication"
Ending Discrimination
Ending Violence Against the Ethnic Chinese

Footnotes:

1. "AS Desak Indonesia Kutuk Persosaan Mei," Suara Pembaruan, July 13, 1998.

2. That sentiment is based on resentment by pribumi, or indigenous Indonesians, of perceived control over the economy by ethnic Chinese and a sense that the loyalties of ethnic Chinese lie more with China and the overseas Chinese community than to the Indonesian nation See Human Rights Watch, "Indonesia Alert: Economic Crisis Leads to Scapegoating of Ethnic Chinese," February, 1998.

3. Statement of the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission, June 2, 1998.

4. "Semua bukan karena dwifungsi," Republika, August 22, 1998.

5. "16 people named as 'agitators,'" Jakarta Post, August 14, 1998.

6. Ariel Heryanto, "Flaws of riot media coverage," Jakarta Post, July 15, 1998

7. "Sutiyoso tells Jakartans to protect themselves," Jakarta Post, August 15, 1998.

8. See Dorothy Q. Thomas and Regan E. Ralph, "Rape in War: Challenging the Tradition of Impunity," SAIS Review, Winter-Spring 1994, p.93. The authors note the damage done by exaggerated reports of rape in Bosnia in early 1993. Initial claims that up to 60,000 women had been assaulted were far too high; a U.N. Commmission of Experts collected documentation on 3,000 cases, only 800 of which could be identified by name.

9. Jeremy Wagstaff, "Indonesia Rape Photos on Internet are Fakes," Asian Wall Street Journal, August 20, 1998. The story of Dr. Wid appeared in an article titled "Trauma Perkosaan" by Leila Ch. Budiman, in Kompas, July 12, 1998.

10. "Menperta: Pemerintah Kutuk Tindakan Perkosaan," Kompas, July 4, 1998.

11. "Diyakini Terjadi Perkosaan Tersistematisasi," Kompas, July 8, 1998.

12. "Pemerintah Bentuk Tim Atasi Pelecehan Wanita," Jawa Pos, July 9, 1998.

13. "Pernyataan Presiden Republik Indonesia," July 15, 1998, signed B.J. Habibie.

14. "Laporan Perkosaan Massal Dengan Ratusan Korban Tidak Logis," Waspada, July 30, 1998.

15. "Lettu Yenni Meragukan Data Perkosaan Tim Relawan," Media Indonesia, August 2, 1998.

16. "Is it True That Mass Rapes Took Place?" Republika, August 2, 1998.

17. "Kapolri akan Seret LSM ke Pengadilan," Media Indonesia, August 18, 1998.

18. Reuter, August 24, 1998.

19. "No evidence of rapes found: Govt," Jakarta Post, August 27, 1998.

20. See, for example, Frans Tan Winarta, "RI racist laws need to be revoked," Jakarta Post, August 13, 1998.


Indonesia: The Damaging Debate on Rapes of Ethnic Chinese Women - Table of Contents